#Crack addiction pictures crack#

The term crack cocaine is thought to have appeared in print for the first time in the New York Times in 1985, but crack use was known to be occurring in major inner cities like Miami, Los Angeles, Oakland, and Houston as early as 1981. Crack users take crack cocaine by putting the cocaine rocks into a crack pipe and smoking them. It is manufactured by mixing powder cocaine with baking soda and water, which generates a highly concentrated and therefore highly addictive form of the substance. Crack cocaine, also called rock or rock cocaine, describes cocaine in solid form. When the cocaine base is mixed and heated with ether (cooked), a highly flammable substance (freebase), the gas that is the result of that process is released in its pure form, can be inhaled. When converted to cocaine, coca has been used to stop nosebleeds and as a local anesthetic in some surgeries. Powder cocaine, also called coke, nose candy, snow, blow, or toot, is a drug of abuse that is an off-white colored powder derived from the coca plant, which is indigenous to the western region of South America (for example, Argentina, Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador and Peru). Recovery from cocaine-use disorder usually includes episodes of remission and relapse.

The treatment of dual diagnosis (the combination of a substance use disorder and another mental health disorder) seems to be more effective when treatment of the individual's mental illness is coordinated with addressing the individual's chemical dependency.

For many people with chemical dependency, much more difficult and time-consuming than recovery from the physical symptoms of cocaine use disorder is psychological addiction.

During the initial stage of abstinence, a person with cocaine or other substance use disorder may need detoxification to prevent or decrease the effects of withdrawal.

The major goals for recovery are abstinence, relapse prevention, and rehabilitation.

Treatment services for cocaine use disorder remain largely unutilized by most sufferers of this illness.

Since there is no one specific test that definitively determines that someone has cocaine-use disorder, health care professionals diagnose this disorder by gathering comprehensive medical, family, and mental health information, as well as securing a physical examination and lab tests to evaluate the sufferer's medical state.

For children exposed to cocaine in utero, the difficulties it can cause have been detected as early as during infancy.

It is also a risk factor for heart attack.

Medical risks of a cocaine use disorder, particularly when in crack form, include tearing of the major artery in the body ( aortic dissection) or stroke associated with very high blood pressure.

People who have cocaine use disorder are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors and experience their consequences, as well as having an increased risk of suicide, homicide, domestic violence, and other forms of violence.

Symptoms of the cocaine-use disorder include recurring use of large amounts of the substance over long periods of time, craving the substance, needing more drug to achieve intoxication over time, symptoms of withdrawing from the substance, drug use that interferes with important obligations, and trouble refraining from using cocaine.

Withdrawal symptoms and signs for cocaine include irritability, decreased appetite, sleep problems, and craving the drug.

Cocaine abuse and addiction is one of several stimulant-use disorders and has no single cause but is rather due to the combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Cocaine intoxication often dramatically increases the release of the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

Once the high associated with cocaine intoxication wears off, the individual tends to become agitated, irritable, and physically uncomfortable.

Symptoms of cocaine intoxication include intense euphoria and pleasure followed by the person becoming hyperactive and hyperalert.

About 25 million people in the United States use cocaine at least once during their lifetime.

Crack cocaine, or so-called rock or rock cocaine, is cocaine in solid form.

Powder cocaine, also called coke, nose candy, snow, blow, or toot is a drug that comes from the coca plant.

When a person withdraws from the effects of cocaine, the decrease in neurotransmitters can result in a sudden drop in blood pressure or pulse, severe depression, and sometimes even suicidal thoughts and attempts.